On this day in 1982, Argentinian forces invaded the Falklands, starting off a war between Argentina and the United Kingdom.
Argentina had not been expecting Margaret Thatcher to defend the Falklands, a small, sparsely-populated archipelago on which Argentina had a century-long claim. However, Thatcher responded with the full military might of the British navy.
You can read on at the link to learn more about the Falklands War and how neither the invasion nor the response were expected by the global community.